便携式生保系统热控技术研究

热控系统是便携式生保系统的一个重要组成部分，其功能是维持航天员的热舒适性状态。舱外活动（ＥＶＡ）时间是影响热控系统设计的主要因素，它和代谢水平一起决定了热控系统的设计能力。热控系统的重量和体积直接影响某一设计方案的可行性。本文介绍了便携式生保系统中热控系统的设计要求和主要性能指标。通过分析，比较了几种热控系统的性能、提出了我国未来便携式生保系统热控系统的设计方案。     

野外便携净水器净水消毒工艺试验研究

野外便携净水器应具杀菌消毒效率高、净水时间短、使用寿命长、操作方便等功能使用要求。通过试验考察了三碘树脂和载银活性炭两种不同净水消毒工艺流程对原水处理效果。结果表明：三碘树脂材料比载银活性炭材料具有灭菌效果好、反应接触时间短、使用时间长等优势，是一类具有良好军事应用价值的野外便携净水器的净水消毒材料。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中金属镍消解方法的改进

探讨一种快捷有效的土壤样品消解方法，即采用王水-过氧化氢体系消化土壤样品。该法操作简便，减少了耗酸量与操作时间。测定结果精密度高，准确性好。     

Identification and mapping of heavy metal pollution in soils of a sports ground in Galway City,Ireland, using a portable XRF analyser and GIS

Heavy metals in urban soils continue to attract attention because of their potential long-term effects on human health. During a previous investigation of urban soils in Galway City, Ireland, a pollution hotspot of Pb, Cu, Zn and As was identified in the sports ground of South Park in the Claddagh. The sports ground was formerly a rubbish dumping site for both municipal and industrial wastes. In the present study, a portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) analyser was used to obtain rapid in-situ elemental analyses of the topsoil (depth: about 5–10 cm) at 200 locations on a 20 × 20-m grid in South Park. Extremely high values of the pollutants were found, with maximum values of Pb, Zn, Cu and As of 10,297, 24,716, 2224 and 744 mg/kg soil, respectively. High values occur particularly where the topsoil cover is thin, whereas lower values were found in areas where imported topsoil covers the polluted substrate. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques were applied to the dataset to create elemental spatial distribution maps, three-dimensional images and interpretive hazard maps of the pollutants in the study area. Immediate action to remediate the contaminated topsoil is recommended to safeguard the health of children who play at the sports ground.     

硫化物测定的新的标准溶液──硫代乙酰胺

根据在盐酸羟胺存在下硫代乙酰胺（ＴＡ）能够与锌发生均相沉淀的理论，选用了硫代乙酰胺作为硫化物测定的标准溶液，并利用正交试验设计进一步探讨了最佳实验条件。此方法简单、准确、重现性好，线性范围为０～０．２ｍｇ／ＬＳ２－适合于各种水样的测定。     

Water Quality Assessment of Osun River: Studies on Inorganic Nutrients

The present investigation provides data of some ions, namely Na⁺, Ca²⁺, NH₄ ⁺,Cl^-, NO₃ ^-,CN^- and PO₄ ^3- on water samples of river Osun,selected rivers in the region and groundwaters. The pH,temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolvedsolids (TDS), total hardness (TH) and total carbon (IV) oxide(TCO₂) have also been determined to asses the chemicalstatus and pollution levels of these water sources. The highervalues of certain parameters with respect to the acceptablestandard limits for drinking water indicate the pollution inboth groundwater and river water samples of the study area, and make the waters unsuitable for various applications. Thehigh pollution river water source showed higher levels ofphosphate, nitrate and ammonium ions (P < 0.05). There is nosignificant difference (P < 0.05) between the meanconcentrations of other inorganic nutrients in the high and lowpollution water source types. The correlation coefficientbetween quality parameter pairs of river water and groundwatersamples are determined and the significance of these parametersin both types of water sources are discussed.     

原子吸收分光光度计常见故障的分析与处理

讨论了原子吸收分光光度计测定过程中常见的故障以及如何分析、处理这些故障的过程。     

纳氏试剂光度法测定废水中氨氮的问题讨论

应用纳氏试剂比色法测定废水中的氨氮时,水样显色后稳定时间短,影响测定结果的准确性,针对这一问题进行了实验研究。实验中对主要影响因素Ｉ－和ＯＨ－的浓度变化进行了条件实验,结果表明选用所配的Ⅲ型纳氏试剂（ＫＩ含量为７．５ｇ）,可获得稳定的有色胶体,也可采用Ⅰ型纳氏试剂（ＫＩ含量为７．０ｇ）、在中和硼酸后再多加２ｍＬＮａＯＨ（１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,也可获得稳定的有色胶体。     

分光光度法测定测田废水中的COD_(Cr)

为了快速监测油田废水中的化学需氧量ＣＯＤＣｒ,因此采用ＴＬ－１（Ａ）型污水ＣＯＤＣｒ速测仪进行加热催化消解,然后再用分光光度比色法测定ＣＯＤＣｒ,实验中进行了方法的准确度、精确度及Ｃｌ－影响实验,并与标准的重铬酸钾法进行了对比实验,结果说明分光光度法简单快速、重现性较好、准确度较高,对同一产品的测定结果与重铬酸钾法非常一致。因此,本方法可用于油田废水中的ＣＯＤＣｒ监测。     

应急监测中便携式顶空/GC-MS法测定水中VOCs的初步研究

通过对实验室加标水样和实际水样的测定,研究了便携式顶空/气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)与吹扫捕集/GC-MS法测定水中VOCs的性能比较,探讨了利用Loop环测定水中高浓度VOCs的准确度. 结果表明:便携式顶空/GC-MS测定水中54种低浓度VOCs的检出限略高于吹扫捕集/GC-MS系统,准确度和精密度分别为67.4%～136%和9.08%～19.80%,均满足环境应急监测分析的要求;利用Loop环,便携式顶空/GC-MS可对水中高浓度级(mg/L)VOCs进行较为准确地测定,回收率为100%～149%;复杂的实际样品基本不干扰便携式顶空/GC-MS的测定,与吹扫捕集/GC-MS法相比,二者对实际水样的测定结果相对偏差小于20%;便携式顶空/GC-MS在水污染事故现场可得到基本准确的结果,可为事故后续处理提供有效的数据支持.